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| Item | Details |7
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |8
| Main revenue models | Subscriptions, in-app purchases, paid apps, advertising |9
| iOS development | Xcode and Swift |10
| Android development | Android Studio and Kotlin |11
| Apple Developer Program | US$99/yr |12
| Apple Small Business commission | 15% for eligible developers up to US$1M in proceeds |13
| Google Play service fees | Vary by market and transaction type |14
| Subscription-app median after 1 year (RevenueCat dataset) | \~US$72/mo |6
| Item | Details |7
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |8
| Main revenue models | Subscriptions, in-app purchases, paid apps, advertising |9
| iOS development | [Xcode](/wiki/xcode) and [Swift](/wiki/swift) |10
| Android development | [Android Studio](/wiki/android-studio) and [Kotlin](/wiki/kotlin) |11
| Apple Developer Program | US$99/yr |12
| Apple Small Business commission | 15% for eligible developers up to US$1M in proceeds |13
| Google Play service fees | Vary by market and transaction type |14
| Subscription-app median after 1 year (RevenueCat dataset) | \~US$72/mo |1515
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| Requirement | Minimum option | Cost | Priority |41
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------------: | ----------------------------------- |42
| Development hardware | Existing compatible computer | $0 additional | Essential |43
| Android development | Android Studio | Free | Essential for native Android |44
| iOS development | Xcode | Free | Essential for native iOS |45
| Android testing | Android emulator | Free | Essential |46
| iOS testing | iOS Simulator | Free | Essential |47
| App Store distribution | Apple Developer Program | US$99/yr | Required for App Store distribution |40
| Requirement | Minimum option | Cost | Priority |41
| ---------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -------------: | ----------------------------------- |42
| Development hardware | Existing compatible computer | $0 additional | Essential |43
| Android development | [Android Studio](/wiki/android-studio) | Free | Essential for native Android |44
| iOS development | [Xcode](/wiki/xcode) | Free | Essential for native iOS |45
| Android testing | Android emulator | Free | Essential |46
| iOS testing | iOS Simulator | Free | Essential |47
| App Store distribution | Apple Developer Program | US$99/yr | Required for App Store distribution |4848
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Apple allows developers with a free developer account to use Xcode and test apps on their own devices. Distribution through the App Store requires the **US$99 annual Apple Developer Program membership**.50
Apple allows developers with a free developer account to use [Xcode](/wiki/xcode) and test apps on their own devices. Distribution through the App Store requires the **US$99 annual Apple Developer Program membership**.5151
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A developer who already owns compatible hardware can therefore build and test an app without purchasing dedicated development software or immediately paying for App Store distribution.⋯ Unchanged lines omitted ⋯
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The Apple Developer Program costs **US$99 per membership year**.7676
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Apple's standard commission on digital goods and services is **30%**. Eligible developers enrolled in the App Store Small Business Programe receive a **15% commission rate** if their proceeds meet the program's US$1M eligibility rules.77
Apple's standard commission on digital goods and services is **30%**. Eligible developers enrolled in the [App Store Small Business Program](/wiki/app-store-small-business-program) receive a **15% commission rate** if their proceeds meet the program's US$1M eligibility rules.7878
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## Google Play⋯ Unchanged lines omitted ⋯
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| Tool | Price | Level | Main use |9393
| ---------------------------------------------- | -----: | --------------------- | ---------------------------- |94
| Xcode | Free | Beginner–Professional | Native iOS/macOS development |95
| Android Studio | Free | Beginner–Professional | Native Android development |94
| [Xcode](/wiki/xcode) | Free | Beginner–Professional | Native iOS/macOS development |95
| [Android Studio](/wiki/android-studio) | Free | Beginner–Professional | Native Android development |9696
| [Visual Studio Code](/wiki/visual-studio-code) | Free | Beginner–Professional | General development |97
| Flutter | Free | Intermediate | Cross-platform apps |98
| React Native | Free | Intermediate | Cross-platform apps |97
| [Flutter](/wiki/flutter) | Free | Intermediate | Cross-platform apps |98
| [React Native](/wiki/react-native) | Free | Intermediate | Cross-platform apps |9999
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Native development is not the only option. Flutter and React Native can target both iOS and Android from a shared codebase, which can reduce duplicated development work for suitable projects.101
Native development is not the only option. [Flutter](/wiki/flutter) and [React Native](/wiki/react-native) can target both iOS and Android from a shared codebase, which can reduce duplicated development work for suitable projects.102102
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# Requirements⋯ Unchanged lines omitted ⋯