Revision 2
Amazon FBA

@namkyu · Sep 1, 2026, 9:27 AM
Updated Amazon FBA costs, fees, economics, workflow, and risks.
+38,036−12,200
+Amazon FBA, or Fulfillment by Amazon, is a fulfillment service that allows sellers to store inventory in Amazon's fulfillment network. When an order is placed, Amazon picks, packs, and ships the product, handles customer service, and processes returns for the FBA order.
+ 
+FBA is not a business model by itself. Sellers can use FBA for private-label products, wholesale, retail arbitrage, online arbitrage, books, and other eligible inventory.
+ 
+The main business challenge is finding products that remain profitable after product cost, freight, Amazon referral fees, FBA fulfillment fees, storage, inbound shipping, advertising, returns, and other operating costs.
−Amazon FBA (Fulfillment by Amazon) lets sellers send inventory to Amazon fulfillment centers, where Amazon stores products and handles picking, packing, shipping, customer service, and returns. Sellers earn the difference between product revenue and costs such as inventory, Amazon selling fees, FBA fees, advertising, and other operating expenses.
  
 # Quick Facts
  
  
+| Item                                            | Details                                                                    |
+| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Business model                                  | Marketplace e-commerce using Amazon fulfillment                            |
+| Common models                                   | Private label, wholesale, retail arbitrage, online arbitrage               |
+| Professional selling plan                       | $39.99/month                                                               |
+| Individual selling plan                         | $0.99 per item sold                                                        |
+| Typical referral fee                            | Most categories approximately 8–15%                                        |
+| Small standard FBA fulfillment fee              | From about $3.06/unit                                                      |
+| Large standard FBA fulfillment fee              | From about $3.68/unit                                                      |
+| Standard-size storage                           | $0.78/cu ft Jan–Sep and $2.40/cu ft Oct–Dec in Amazon's published schedule |
+| Inventory required                              | Yes for most FBA models                                                    |
+| Dedicated warehouse required                    | No                                                                         |
+| Amazon handles customer shipping                | Yes                                                                        |
+| Amazon handles FBA customer service and returns | Yes                                                                        |
+| Main challenge                                  | Product economics, inventory, competition, and advertising                 |
+| Difficulty                                      | Intermediate                                                               |
+ 
+ 
+# What FBA Actually Does
+ 
+With FBA, the seller still needs to handle the business side of the product.
+ 
+The seller is generally responsible for:
+ 
+- Choosing products
+- Sourcing inventory
+- Paying suppliers
+- Creating listings
+- Pricing
+- Sending inventory to Amazon
+- Advertising
+- Inventory planning
+- Monitoring profitability
+- Managing the seller account
+ 
+Amazon then handles major fulfillment functions for FBA inventory:
+ 
+- Storage
+- Picking
+- Packing
+- Shipping to customers
+- Customer service
+- Returns
+ 
+This can remove a large amount of logistics work, but it introduces fulfillment and storage fees.
+ 
+# FBA vs FBM
+ 
+Amazon sellers can also use Fulfilled by Merchant, or FBM.
+ 
+## FBA
+ 
+Amazon stores and fulfills the inventory.
+ 
+Useful when:
+ 
+- Prime delivery is important
+- Order volume is growing
+- Seller does not want to fulfill every order
+- Product economics support FBA fees
+ 
+## FBM
+ 
+The seller stores and ships the product.
+ 
+The seller controls:
+ 
+- Storage
+- Packaging
+- Carrier
+- Fulfillment
+ 
+FBM may be more attractive for:
+ 
+- Oversized items
+- Low-volume products
+- Products with expensive FBA storage
+- Sellers with existing fulfillment operations
+ 
+A seller can use both FBA and FBM for different products.
+ 
+# Main Amazon FBA Business Models
+ 
+## Private Label
+ 
+The seller sources or manufactures a product and sells it under their own brand.
−| Item                      | Typical figure                       |
−| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
−| Individual selling plan   | US$0.99 per item sold                |
−| Professional selling plan | US$39.99/mo                          |
−| Seller startup spending   | 64% started with less than US$5,000  |
−| Seller monthly sales      | 40% reported US$1,000–25,000         |
−| Profit margin             | 57% reported margins above 10%       |
−| Time commitment           | 71% reported less than 20 hours/week |
  
+A typical private-label process includes:
  
+Product research → Supplier → Sample → Branding → Initial order → Amazon listing → FBA shipment → Launch
−The startup, revenue, profit-margin, and time figures above come from Jungle Scout's 2024 survey of Amazon sellers and businesses and should not be interpreted as guaranteed FBA outcomes.
  
+Potential advantages:
−# Earnings
  
+- More control over product
+- Brand ownership
+- Potentially stronger margins
+- Ability to improve the product
−Amazon FBA does not pay sellers a fixed rate. Revenue depends on the products sold, selling price, sales volume, and demand, while profit depends heavily on product cost, Amazon fees, fulfillment costs, advertising, returns, and inventory management.
  
+Main risks:
−A 2024 Jungle Scout survey found the following monthly sales distribution among Amazon sellers:
  
+- Larger upfront inventory investment
+- Supplier risk
+- Advertising cost
+- Product-launch risk
+- Unsold inventory
  
+Private label generally requires more capital than arbitrage models.
−| Monthly sales      | Sellers |
−| ------------------ | -------: |
−| Under US$500       | 31%     |
−| US$501–1,000       | 17%     |
−| US$1,001–5,000     | 22%     |
−| US$5,001–10,000    | 11%     |
−| US$10,001–25,000   | 7%      |
−| US$25,001–50,000   | 5%      |
−| US$50,001–100,000  | 4%      |
−| US$100,001–250,000 | 1%      |
−| US$251,000–500,000 | 1%      |
  
+# Wholesale
  
+Wholesale sellers purchase existing branded products from authorized distributors or brands and resell them.
−These figures measure sales revenue, not take-home income.
  
+The seller may compete on an existing Amazon listing.
−## Profit margins
  
+Potential advantages:
−The same survey reported the following profit margins among small and midsize Amazon sellers:
  
+- Existing customer demand
+- No need to create a new consumer brand
+- Easier demand validation
  
+Challenges include:
−| Profit margin            | Sellers |
−| ------------------------ | -------: |
−| 1–5%                     | 12%     |
−| 6–10%                    | 16%     |
−| 11–15%                   | 13%     |
−| 16–20%                   | 15%     |
−| 21–25%                   | 15%     |
−| 26–50%                   | 13%     |
−| 51–100%                  | 1%      |
−| Not currently profitable | 13%     |
  
+- Supplier approval
+- Brand restrictions
+- Buy Box competition
+- Lower margins
+- Minimum order quantities
  
+Wholesale economics can be more predictable than launching a completely new product, but competition can compress margins.
−Overall, 57% reported margins above 10%, while 28% reported margins above 20%.
  
+# Retail Arbitrage
−These results cover Amazon SMB sellers rather than only FBA sellers, so they are useful marketplace benchmarks rather than an FBA-specific earnings guarantee.
  
+Retail arbitrage involves purchasing discounted products from physical stores and reselling them on Amazon.
−# Minimum Entry Setup
  
+For example:
−There is no fixed inventory investment required to become an Amazon seller. The cheapest practical entry depends heavily on whether a seller develops a private-label product or resells existing products.
  
+Retail clearance price: $10
+Amazon selling price: $30
  
+The seller calculates whether enough profit remains after all Amazon fees.
−| Requirement           | Minimum option         | Cost              | Priority          | Notes                                               |
−| --------------------- | ---------------------- | -----------------: | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
−| Amazon seller account | Individual plan        | US$0.99/item sold | Essential         | No fixed monthly subscription                       |
−| Product inventory     | Small test inventory   | Variable          | Essential         | Depends on sourcing model                           |
−| Product research      | Manual Amazon research | Free              | Recommended       | Paid research software is optional                  |
−| FBA fulfillment       | Pay per unit sold      | From US$2.50/unit | Essential for FBA | Small-standard items start at this fulfillment cost |
−| Advertising           | Organic launch         | US$0 additional   | Optional          | Paid ads can become a major operating expense       |
  
+Advantages:
  
+- Low initial product quantities possible
+- Products can be tested individually
+- Lower supplier commitment
−Amazon recommends the Individual plan for sellers expecting fewer than 40 sales per month. The Professional plan costs US$39.99 per month and provides additional selling, advertising, reporting, and brand-management tools.
  
+Disadvantages:
−Actual seller startup spending is substantially higher when inventory is included. Jungle Scout's 2024 survey found:
  
+- Difficult to scale consistently
+- Inventory availability changes
+- Brand and category restrictions
+- Time spent sourcing products
−- 16% started with less than US$500.
−- 9% spent US$500–1,000.
−- 16% spent US$1,001–2,500.
−- 23% spent US$2,501–5,000.
−- 18% spent US$5,001–10,000.
−- 17% spent more than US$10,000.
  
+# Online Arbitrage
−Overall, 64% reported starting with less than US$5,000.
  
+Online arbitrage is similar to retail arbitrage, but inventory is purchased from online retailers.
−# How It Makes Money
  
+The seller searches for products that can be purchased at a lower price elsewhere and profitably resold on Amazon.
−A typical FBA transaction works like this:
  
+Scaling generally requires:
−1. The seller sources or manufactures a product.
−2. Inventory is shipped to an Amazon fulfillment center.
−3. The product is listed in the Amazon store.
−4. A customer purchases the product.
−5. Amazon picks, packs, and ships the order.
−6. Amazon deducts applicable selling and FBA costs.
−7. The remaining proceeds are paid to the seller.
  
+- Better sourcing
+- Faster analysis
+- More working capital
+- Inventory management
−A simplified unit economics calculation is:
  
+# Selling Plans
−**Profit per unit = Selling price − product cost − Amazon referral fee − FBA fulfillment cost − storage − inbound shipping − advertising − other costs**
  
+Amazon currently offers two primary U.S. selling plans.
−For example, two products selling for the same price can have very different margins because FBA fulfillment costs depend on packaged size and shipping weight.
  
−# Costs
  
+| Plan         | Cost                |
+| ------------ | -------------------: |
+| Individual   | $0.99 per item sold |
+| Professional | $39.99/month        |
−## Selling plan
  
−Amazon offers two US selling plans:
  
+Amazon positions the Individual plan for sellers generally selling fewer than 40 products per month.
  
+The Professional plan is generally intended for higher-volume sellers and provides access to additional tools such as:
−| Plan         | Price             | Best suited to        |
−| ------------ | -----------------: | --------------------- |
−| Individual   | US$0.99/item sold | Low-volume sellers    |
−| Professional | US$39.99/mo       | Higher-volume sellers |
  
+- Advertising
+- Bulk listing
+- Detailed reports
+- Brand-related tools
+- Additional seller programs
  
+A serious private-label business will usually require the Professional plan.
−Amazon generally positions the Individual plan for sellers below 40 units per month and the Professional plan for sellers above that level.
  
+# Referral Fees
−## Referral fees
  
 Amazon charges a referral fee when a product sells.
  
+The exact percentage depends on the product category.
+ 
+Amazon states that most categories generally fall between:
+ 
+**8% and 15%**
+ 
+Some categories have different percentages or pricing tiers.
+ 
+The referral fee is normally calculated using the total sales price.
+ 
+For example:
+ 
+Selling price: $30
+Referral rate: 15%
+ 
+Referral fee:
+ 
+$30 × 15% = $4.50
+ 
+This happens before product, fulfillment, advertising, and inventory costs are considered.
+ 
+# FBA Fulfillment Fees
+ 
+FBA charges a per-unit fulfillment fee.
+ 
+This covers major fulfillment functions including:
+ 
+- Picking
+- Packing
+- Shipping
+- Customer service
+- Returns processing
+ 
+The amount depends heavily on:
+ 
+- Product dimensions
+- Shipping weight
+- Size tier
+- Apparel vs non-apparel classification
+ 
+Amazon's currently published non-apparel examples include:
+ 
+## Small Standard
+ 
+ 
+| Shipping weight | FBA fulfillment fee |
+| --------------- | -------------------: |
+| 2 oz or less    | $3.06               |
+| 2–4 oz          | $3.15               |
+| 4–6 oz          | $3.24               |
+| 6–8 oz          | $3.33               |
+| 8–10 oz         | $3.43               |
+| 10–12 oz        | $3.53               |
+| 12–14 oz        | $3.60               |
+| 14–16 oz        | $3.65               |
+ 
+ 
+## Large Standard
+ 
+ 
+| Shipping weight | FBA fulfillment fee |
+| --------------- | -------------------: |
+| 4 oz or less    | $3.68               |
+| 4–8 oz          | $3.90               |
+| 8–12 oz         | $4.15               |
+| 12–16 oz        | $4.55               |
+| 1–1.25 lb       | $4.99               |
+| 1.25–1.5 lb     | $5.37               |
+| 1.5–1.75 lb     | $5.52               |
+| 1.75–2 lb       | $5.77               |
+| 2–2.25 lb       | $5.87               |
+| 2.25–2.5 lb     | $6.05               |
+| 2.5–2.75 lb     | $6.21               |
+| 2.75–3 lb       | $6.62               |
+ 
+ 
+Fees continue increasing for heavier and oversized products.
+ 
+This is why dimensions and weight can have a major impact on FBA profitability.
+ 
+# 2026 FBA Fee Changes
+ 
+Amazon increased U.S. FBA fees in 2026 by an average of approximately:
+ 
+**$0.08 per unit sold**
+ 
+The changes generally took effect on January 15, 2026.
+ 
+Amazon stated there were no entirely new FBA fee types introduced for 2026, but existing fees were adjusted.
+ 
+Sellers should always use the current Revenue Calculator or Seller Central fee tools instead of relying permanently on static historical fee tables.
+ 
+# Storage Fees
+ 
+Amazon charges monthly storage fees based on the volume occupied by inventory inside its fulfillment network.
+ 
+Amazon's published standard-size schedule includes:
+ 
+ 
+| Period            | Standard size | Oversize    |
+| ----------------- | -------------: | -----------: |
+| January–September | $0.78/cu ft   | $0.56/cu ft |
+| October–December  | $2.40/cu ft   | $1.40/cu ft |
+ 
+ 
+The fourth quarter is therefore significantly more expensive for stored inventory.
+ 
+Additional storage-related charges can apply depending on factors such as:
+ 
+- Inventory age
+- Inventory level
+- Dangerous goods
+- Storage utilization
+ 
+Keeping too much inventory inside FBA can materially reduce profit.
+ 
+# Inventory Age
+ 
+Inventory that sells slowly creates multiple problems.
+ 
+Cash remains tied up in products while storage fees continue.
+ 
+A product may initially appear profitable but become weak if inventory remains in Amazon's fulfillment centers for long periods.
+ 
+Track:
+ 
+- Inventory age
+- Units sold per day
+- Weeks of cover
+- Reorder lead time
+ 
+Do not treat Amazon warehouses as unlimited inexpensive long-term storage.
+ 
+# Inbound Shipping
+ 
+The seller pays to move inventory into Amazon's fulfillment network.
+ 
+This is separate from the FBA fee Amazon charges when the product is sold to a customer.
+ 
+Possible inbound costs include:
+ 
+- Supplier-to-Amazon freight
+- Domestic carrier
+- Amazon partnered carrier
+- International freight
+- Customs
+- Duties
+- Prep
+- Labeling
+ 
+Inbound transportation must be included in landed cost.
+ 
+# Inbound Placement Service Fee
+ 
+Amazon may also charge an inbound placement service fee depending on how inventory is distributed into its fulfillment network.
+ 
+Sellers can generally receive different shipment-placement options.
+ 
+Examples include:
+ 
+- Minimal shipment splits
+- Partial shipment splits
+- Amazon-optimized shipment splits
+ 
+Sending inventory to fewer locations may create higher placement fees because Amazon redistributes the goods through its network.
+ 
+Amazon stated that 2026 inbound placement fees increased by approximately:
+ 
+**$0.05 per unit on average**
+ 
+Depending on the shipment option, the seller may be able to reduce or avoid some placement charges by sending inventory to multiple Amazon locations.
+ 
+The exact fee is shown while creating the inbound shipment.
+ 
+# Landed Cost
+ 
+Landed cost is the real cost of getting one unit ready for sale inside Amazon's system.
+ 
+It can include:
+ 
+Product manufacturing
+ 
+- Packaging
+- Inspection
+- International freight
+- Duties
+- Domestic transportation
+- Prep
+- Labeling
+- Inbound freight
+- Inbound placement
+= Landed cost
+ 
+Do not use factory price alone when evaluating a product.
+ 
+For example:
+ 
+Supplier price: $6
+ 
+After freight, customs, prep, and inbound shipping:
+ 
+Actual landed cost: $8.50
+ 
+Using $6 in the profit calculation would materially overstate the product's margin.
+ 
+# Example $30 FBA Product
+ 
+Assume a non-apparel product sells for:
+ 
+**$30**
+ 
+Example unit economics:
+ 
+ 
+| Item                             | Example |
+| -------------------------------- | -------: |
+| Selling price                    | $30.00  |
+| Referral fee at 15%              | -$4.50  |
+| FBA fulfillment fee              | -$4.15  |
+| Landed product cost              | -$8.00  |
+| Inbound / placement allocation   | -$0.75  |
+| Storage allocation               | -$0.20  |
+| Advertising allocation           | -$4.00  |
+| Estimated remaining contribution | $8.40   |
+ 
+ 
+Estimated contribution margin:
+ 
+$8.40 ÷ $30 = **28%**
+ 
+This is before:
+ 
+- Returns
+- Refund losses
+- Seller subscription
+- Software
+- Employees
+- Taxes
+- Unexpected fees
+ 
+If advertising cost rises from $4 to $8 per sale:
+ 
+Remaining contribution falls to:
+ 
+**$4.40**
+ 
+The exact same product can therefore move from attractive to weak economics without changing its retail price.
+ 
+# Revenue Is Not Profit
+ 
+Amazon Seller Central may show large revenue numbers.
+ 
+Revenue does not include the seller's complete expense structure.
+ 
+For example:
+ 
+Monthly sales: $50,000
+ 
+Possible costs:
+ 
+ 
+| Cost                                   | Example |
+| -------------------------------------- | -------: |
+| Product and landed cost                | $17,500 |
+| Referral fees                          | $7,500  |
+| FBA fulfillment                        | $7,000  |
+| Advertising                            | $8,000  |
+| Storage / inbound / returns / software | $3,500  |
+| Estimated remaining                    | $6,500  |
+ 
+ 
+$50,000 revenue can therefore result in approximately $6,500 before tax in this hypothetical example.
+ 
+The business should be evaluated using profit and cash flow, not sales screenshots.
+ 
+# Seller Profitability Data
+ 
+Amazon-seller survey data can provide context, but it should not be treated as FBA-only performance.
+ 
+Jungle Scout's published seller research found that among surveyed small and midsize Amazon sellers:
+ 
+- 57% reported profit margins above 10%
+- 28% reported profit margins above 20%
+- 13% reported that they were not yet profitable
+ 
+These figures include broader Amazon seller populations and different business models.
+ 
+They do not mean a new FBA seller should expect those margins.
+ 
+# Startup Cost
+ 
+FBA startup cost varies dramatically by model.
+ 
+Retail arbitrage can start with relatively little inventory.
+ 
+Private label typically requires substantially more capital.
+ 
+Jungle Scout's 2024 survey of Amazon sellers, brands, and businesses found:
+ 
+- 25% started with less than $1,000
+- 64% started with less than $5,000
+- 17% reported spending more than $10,000
+ 
+These numbers include multiple Amazon business models and should not be interpreted as the minimum required for private-label FBA.
+ 
+# Practical Minimum Cost — Private Label Example
+ 
+A realistic small private-label launch might include:
+ 
+ 
+| Requirement                          | Example budget                           |
+| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------: |
+| Amazon Professional plan             | $39.99/month                             |
+| Product samples                      | $100–$300                                |
+| Initial inventory                    | $1,500–$4,000                            |
+| Freight / duties / inbound           | $300–$1,500                              |
+| Packaging / labeling                 | $100–$500                                |
+| Product photography                  | $100–$500                                |
+| Initial advertising                  | $300–$1,000                              |
+| Trademark                            | Optional initially depending on strategy |
+| Approximate initial cash requirement | About $2,500–$7,000+                     |
+ 
+ 
+This is not a universal industry requirement.
+ 
+Some products require substantially more because of:
+ 
+- Higher MOQ
+- Larger product size
+- Expensive tooling
+- Freight
+- Compliance
+- Packaging
+ 
+Unlike the earlier IncomeWiki setup tables, this cost estimate intentionally excludes items such as an existing computer or free software because they do not represent meaningful new startup cash requirements.
+ 
+# Samples
+ 
+Before placing a large supplier order, purchase product samples.
+ 
+Compare:
+ 
+- Material
+- Durability
+- Color
+- Packaging
+- Dimensions
+- Functionality
+- Manufacturing quality
+ 
+Do not choose a supplier based solely on the lowest quote.
+ 
+A bad first batch can create:
+ 
+- Refunds
+- Poor reviews
+- Inventory losses
+- Listing problems
+ 
+# MOQ
+ 
+MOQ means minimum order quantity.
+ 
+A supplier might require:
+ 
+500 units × $5 = $2,500
+ 
+before freight and other costs.
+ 
+Lower MOQ reduces inventory risk but may increase unit cost.
+ 
+Higher MOQ can reduce unit cost but creates larger:
+ 
+- Cash requirement
+- Inventory risk
+- Storage risk
+ 
+The cheapest unit price is not always the best purchasing decision.
+ 
+# Product Research
+ 
+Before sourcing a product, evaluate:
+ 
+- Demand
+- Competition
+- Price
+- Size
+- Weight
+- Referral fee
+- FBA fee
+- Advertising competition
+- Review concentration
+- Brand dominance
+- Seasonal demand
+- Product restrictions
+ 
+Avoid selecting products only because they appear in "best products to sell" lists.
+ 
+Once an opportunity becomes widely publicized, competition can increase rapidly.
+ 
+# Product Size and Weight
+ 
+FBA strongly rewards efficient products.
+ 
+A small lightweight product can have:
+ 
+- Lower fulfillment fee
+- Lower inbound freight
+- Lower storage cost
+ 
+A bulky product creates the opposite.
+ 
+Two products with the same $30 selling price can produce completely different margins because of size and weight.
+ 
+Always enter realistic dimensions and weight into the Amazon Revenue Calculator before purchasing inventory.
+ 
+# Restricted Products
+ 
+Amazon restricts or requires approval for certain:
+ 
+- Categories
+- Brands
+- Products
+ 
+Restrictions can depend on:
+ 
+- Seller history
+- Marketplace
+- Product type
+- Compliance requirements
+ 
+Check eligibility before purchasing inventory.
+ 
+Do not assume a product can be sold simply because another seller currently lists it.
+ 
+# Product Compliance
+ 
+Some products may require regulatory or safety documentation.
+ 
+Examples can include:
+ 
+- Electronics
+- Children's products
+- Cosmetics
+- Food
+- Supplements
+- Batteries
+- Medical-related products
+ 
+Compliance requirements vary by product and market.
+ 
+Products with complicated compliance requirements may be inappropriate for a first launch.
+ 
+# Supplier Selection
+ 
+Possible supplier sources include:
+ 
+- Domestic manufacturers
+- Overseas manufacturers
+- Wholesalers
+- Distributors
+ 
+Evaluate:
+ 
+- Price
+- MOQ
+- Lead time
+- Communication
+- Quality
+- Certifications
+- Packaging
+- Production capacity
+ 
+For larger orders, inspection can reduce the risk of discovering defects after inventory reaches Amazon.
+ 
+# International Sourcing
+ 
+International sourcing introduces additional costs.
+ 
+Possible expenses include:
+ 
+- Ocean freight
+- Air freight
+- Customs broker
+- Duties
+- Tariffs
+- Inspection
+- Port charges
+- Domestic transportation
+ 
+Freight costs can change rapidly.
+ 
+Always update landed-cost calculations before placing a reorder.
+ 
+# Create the Listing
+ 
+An Amazon product listing commonly includes:
+ 
+- Title
+- Images
+- Bullet points
+- Description
+- Variations
+- Product attributes
+- Price
+- Search terms
+ 
+A strong listing should clearly explain:
+ 
+- What the product is
+- Who it is for
+- Major benefits
+- Important specifications
+ 
+Do not make unsupported product claims.
+ 
+# Product Photography
+ 
+Product images can directly affect conversion.
+ 
+Useful images may include:
+ 
+- Main product image
+- Product features
+- Dimensions
+- Product in use
+- Packaging
+- Comparison
+- Detail shots
+ 
+Follow Amazon's current image requirements.
+ 
+# A+ Content
+ 
+Eligible brands can use A+ Content to add enhanced visual content to product detail pages.
+ 
+It can include:
+ 
+- Additional images
+- Comparison modules
+- Brand story
+- Product features
+ 
+A+ Content improves presentation but cannot rescue a product with weak demand or poor economics.
+ 
+# Amazon Brand Registry
+ 
+Brand Registry provides additional brand-management and protection tools for eligible brands.
+ 
+Trademark requirements can apply.
+ 
+Private-label sellers may eventually use Brand Registry to access:
+ 
+- Brand tools
+- A+ Content
+- Additional protection features
+ 
+Do not register a trademark only because a course says it is mandatory before testing any product.
+ 
+The timing depends on the brand strategy.
+ 
+# Amazon Advertising
+ 
+Amazon Ads are an important traffic source for many competitive products.
+ 
+Sponsored Products can appear in search results and product pages.
+ 
+The seller typically pays per click.
+ 
+For example:
+ 
+Ad spend: $1,000
+Sales attributed to ads: $4,000
+ 
+ACOS:
+ 
+$1,000 ÷ $4,000 = **25%**
+ 
+A 25% ACOS is not automatically profitable.
+ 
+If the product only has 20% margin before ads, a 25% ACOS may lose money.
+ 
+# ACOS
+ 
+Advertising Cost of Sales:
+ 
+Ad spend ÷ Ad-attributed sales × 100
+ 
+Example:
+ 
+$500 ads
+$2,000 attributed sales
+ 
+ACOS = 25%
+ 
+The acceptable ACOS depends on the product's margin.
+ 
+# TACOS
+ 
+Total Advertising Cost of Sales compares advertising spend to total revenue.
+ 
+Ad spend ÷ Total sales × 100
+ 
+It can help show whether advertising is contributing to broader organic sales or whether the business remains heavily dependent on paid traffic.
+ 
+# Break-Even ACOS
+ 
+Break-even ACOS is approximately the margin available before advertising.
+ 
+For example:
+ 
+Selling price: $30
+All non-ad expenses: $22
+ 
+Pre-ad contribution:
+ 
+$8
+ 
+$8 ÷ $30 = **26.7%**
+ 
+An ACOS materially above 26.7% would lose money on the first-order economics in this simplified example.
+ 
+# Launching a Product
+ 
+A basic private-label launch may involve:
+ 
+- Inventory received
+- Listing activated
+- Advertising started
+- Search terms monitored
+- Conversion reviewed
+- Price tested
+- Inventory tracked
+ 
+Avoid assuming launch sales represent stable long-term demand.
+ 
+A temporary promotion or high advertising spend can create sales that disappear once the campaign changes.
+ 
+# Inventory Planning
+ 
+FBA requires balancing two expensive problems.
+ 
+## Too Little Inventory
+ 
+Risks:
+ 
+- Stockout
+- Lost sales
+- Ranking disruption
+- Expensive emergency freight
+ 
+## Too Much Inventory
+ 
+Risks:
+ 
+- Storage charges
+- Aging inventory fees
+- Cash tied up
+- Clearance losses
+ 
+A useful inventory calculation considers:
+ 
+Current daily sales × Supplier lead time + Safety stock
+ 
+# Reorder Point
+ 
+Example:
+ 
+Average sales: 10 units/day
+Supplier and delivery lead time: 60 days
+Safety stock: 200 units
+ 
+Reorder point:
+ 
+10 × 60 + 200 = **800 units**
+ 
+Waiting until only 100 units remain would almost guarantee a stockout in this example.
+ 
+# Cash Flow
+ 
+FBA is inventory intensive.
+ 
+Cash moves through a cycle:
+ 
+Cash → Supplier inventory → Freight → Amazon inventory → Customer sale → Amazon payout → Reorder
+ 
+A profitable business can still experience a cash shortage if it needs to reorder before previous inventory has generated enough available cash.
+ 
+Growth often requires more working capital, not less.
+ 
+# Returns
+ 
+Amazon handles FBA customer returns, but returns still affect seller economics.
+ 
+A returned product may:
+ 
+- Return to sellable inventory
+- Become unsellable
+- Require removal
+- Create refund costs
+ 
+Products with high return rates can look attractive based on gross sales but produce poor net economics.
+ 
+Track returns by SKU.
+ 
+# Removal and Disposal
+ 
+Inventory that cannot be sold may need to be:
+ 
+- Returned to the seller
+- Liquidated
+- Disposed of
+ 
+Fees can apply.
+ 
+This is another reason to avoid ordering excessive quantities before demand is proven.
+ 
+# Practical Workflow
+ 
+## 1. Choose the FBA Model
+ 
+Decide whether you are pursuing:
+ 
+- Private label
+- Wholesale
+- Retail arbitrage
+- Online arbitrage
+ 
+The required capital and workflow are different.
+ 
+## 2. Create Seller Account
+ 
+Choose:
+ 
+- Individual
+- Professional
+ 
+For a scalable private-label business, Professional is usually the more appropriate plan.
+ 
+## 3. Research Products
+ 
+Analyze:
+ 
+- Price
+- Demand
+- Competition
+- Reviews
+- Fees
+- Weight
+- Size
+- Advertising
+- Restrictions
+ 
+Reject products with weak unit economics before contacting suppliers.
+ 
+## 4. Use the Revenue Calculator
+ 
+Enter:
+ 
+- Selling price
+- Dimensions
+- Weight
+- Category
+- Product cost
+ 
+Estimate:
+ 
+- Referral fee
+- FBA fee
+- Revenue
+- Margin
+ 
+Do this before ordering inventory.
+ 
+## 5. Find Suppliers
+ 
+Request:
+ 
+- Quote
+- MOQ
+- Lead time
+- Packaging
+- Sample
+- Shipping dimensions
+ 
+Compare several suppliers.
+ 
+## 6. Order Samples
+ 
+Test the product before committing to production.
+ 
+Do not skip quality evaluation to save several weeks.
+ 
+## 7. Calculate Landed Cost
+ 
+Include all costs required to get one sellable unit into Amazon.
+ 
+If the margin becomes weak after freight and fees, reject the product before ordering.
+ 
+## 8. Place Initial Order
+ 
+Avoid unnecessarily large inventory orders.
+ 
+The first order should test:
+ 
+- Demand
+- Conversion
+- Quality
+- Advertising economics
+ 
+## 9. Create Product Listing
+ 
+Prepare:
+ 
+- Images
+- Title
+- Bullet points
+- Description
+- Product data
+ 
+Confirm that all claims are accurate.
+ 
+## 10. Create FBA Shipment
+ 
+Prepare inventory according to Amazon requirements.
+ 
+Amazon may require:
+ 
+- Labels
+- Specific packaging
+- Shipment splits
+ 
+Review:
+ 
+- Inbound transportation
+- Placement fee
+- Prep costs
+ 
+before confirming.
+ 
+## 11. Launch
+ 
+Activate the listing and advertising.
+ 
+Monitor:
+ 
+- Impressions
+- Clicks
+- Conversion
+- ACOS
+- Sales
+- Reviews
+ 
+## 12. Optimize
−The percentage varies by product category and is generally calculated from the total sales price. Some categories also have minimum referral fees or different percentages at different price levels.
  
+Test:
−This fee is separate from FBA fulfillment costs.
  
+- Main image
+- Price
+- Advertising keywords
+- Listing content
−## FBA fulfillment
  
+Do not make several major changes simultaneously if you need to understand what caused the result.
−FBA charges a fulfillment cost for each unit shipped. The cost covers services including picking, packing, shipping, customer service, and returns handling and depends primarily on product dimensions and shipping weight.
  
+## 13. Reorder
−Selected current US rates include:
  
+Use actual sales data rather than optimistic forecasts.
  
+Account for supplier and inbound lead time.
−| Size tier / shipping weight | Fulfillment cost |
−| --------------------------- | ----------------: |
−| Small standard, ≤4 oz       | US$2.50          |
−| Small standard, 4+–8 oz     | US$2.65          |
−| Small standard, 8+–12 oz    | US$2.95          |
−| Small standard, 12+–16 oz   | US$3.21          |
−| Large standard, ≤4 oz       | US$3.48          |
−| Large standard, 1+–1.5 lb   | US$5.13          |
−| Large bulky, ≤1 lb          | US$8.84          |
  
+## 14. Monitor Profit
  
+Track each SKU using:
−For large bulky products above the first pound, Amazon adds US$0.38 for each additional pound interval.
  
+Revenue
+− Referral fees
+− FBA fees
+− Inventory
+− Freight
+− Storage
+− Ads
+− Returns
+− Other costs
−Because fulfillment cost rises with size and weight, product dimensions can materially change the economics of an FBA product.
  
+Seller Central revenue alone is not enough.
−## Inventory storage
  
+# Amazon Revenue Calculator
−Amazon charges monthly storage based on the daily average volume occupied by inventory in its fulfillment centers.
  
+Amazon provides a free Revenue Calculator for estimating product economics.
  
+It can compare:
−| Inventory     | Jan–Sep          | Oct–Dec          |
−| ------------- | ----------------: | ----------------: |
−| Standard size | US$0.78/cu ft/mo | US$2.40/cu ft/mo |
−| Oversize      | US$0.56/cu ft/mo | US$1.40/cu ft/mo |
  
+- FBA
+- Seller fulfillment
  
+The seller can input or adjust:
−The sharp increase during October through December makes slow-moving inventory more expensive during the holiday period.
  
+- Product
+- Price
+- Dimensions
+- Weight
+- Shipping
+- Costs
−## Aged inventory
  
+The output remains an estimate.
−Inventory stored in an Amazon fulfillment center for more than 181 days can incur an aged-inventory surcharge.
  
+Actual fees can differ, so sellers should also review actual Seller Central charges after launch.
−This creates an additional cost for sellers who over-order products or whose sales fall below expectations.
  
+# Minimum Entry Setup
−## Other possible FBA costs
  
+The useful minimum setup for Amazon FBA is not a list of free software.
−Depending on the product and inventory situation, sellers can also incur:
  
+For a private-label seller, the real requirements are:
−- returns processing costs;
−- inventory removal or disposal costs;
−- liquidation costs;
−- FBA inbound placement costs;
−- additional storage-related charges.
  
−Advertising through [Amazon Ads](/wiki/amazon-ads) is another optional but potentially significant expense.
  
+| Requirement             | Why it matters              | Typical starting expense                 |
+| ----------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------: |
+| Selling account         | Required to sell            | $39.99/month for Professional            |
+| Product samples         | Validate quality            | About $100–$300                          |
+| Initial inventory       | Products to sell            | Commonly $1,500–$4,000+ for a small test |
+| Freight and inbound     | Move inventory to FBA       | About $300–$1,500+                       |
+| Packaging / labels      | Prepare sellable inventory  | About $100–$500                          |
+| Product images          | Listing conversion          | About $100–$500 if outsourced            |
+| Advertising test budget | Initial discovery and sales | About $300–$1,000+                       |
−# Software &amp; Tools
  
−FBA can be operated using Amazon's own seller tools, while third-party software is commonly used for product research, keyword research, inventory analysis, and profitability estimates.
  
+A reasonable small private-label launch can therefore require roughly:
  
+**$2,500–$7,000+**
−| Tool                                                         | Price                        | Level        | Difficulty | Main use                             |
−| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------ |
−| [Amazon Seller Central](/wiki/amazon-seller-central)         | Included with seller account | Beginner     | Moderate   | Listings, orders, inventory, reports |
−| [Amazon Revenue Calculator](/wiki/amazon-revenue-calculator) | Free                         | Beginner     | Easy       | Estimate fees and product economics  |
−| [Amazon Ads](/wiki/amazon-ads)                               | Pay per advertising activity | Intermediate | Moderate   | Product advertising                  |
  
+The number can be much higher for expensive, large, or regulated products.
  
+Retail or online arbitrage can start with less because inventory can be purchased in smaller quantities.
−Before sourcing inventory, Amazon's Revenue Calculator can be used to compare estimated Amazon fulfillment costs with seller fulfillment for a specific product.
  
+# Major Costs
−# Requirements
  
−Sellers need an Amazon selling account before using FBA.
  
+| Cost              | When it applies                        |
+| ----------------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| Selling plan      | Seller account                         |
+| Referral fee      | Every sale                             |
+| FBA fulfillment   | Every FBA unit sold                    |
+| Product inventory | Inventory purchase                     |
+| Freight           | Getting inventory to market            |
+| Inbound placement | Certain FBA inbound configurations     |
+| Storage           | Inventory held at Amazon               |
+| Advertising       | Paid traffic                           |
+| Returns           | Customer returns                       |
+| Prep / labeling   | Inventory preparation                  |
+| Inspection        | Supplier quality control               |
+| Software          | Optional research and management tools |
+| Trademark         | Brand strategy                         |
+| Duties / tariffs  | Imported inventory                     |
−Individual products and categories can also have selling restrictions. Amazon advises sellers to check whether a product is eligible before creating a listing, with additional requirements potentially applying to areas such as hazardous materials and products with expiration dates.
  
−Sellers sourcing existing branded products may also need documentation such as supplier invoices to demonstrate that products are legitimate or satisfy Amazon's selling requirements.
  
+The product should remain profitable after all meaningful costs are included.
−International sellers must additionally account for the customs, tax, import, and regulatory requirements of the markets in which they sell.
  
 # Risks / Things to Know
  
+## Inventory Risk
+ 
+FBA requires purchasing products before knowing exactly how quickly they will sell.
+ 
+Unsold inventory can create:
+ 
+- Storage costs
+- Cash-flow problems
+- Clearance losses
+ 
+Start with controlled quantities.
+ 
+## Amazon Fee Changes
+ 
+Amazon can change:
+ 
+- Fulfillment fees
+- Storage fees
+- Placement fees
+- Referral fees
+- Program rules
+ 
+Review fee updates every year.
+ 
+## Advertising Costs
+ 
+A profitable product can become unprofitable when advertising competition increases.
+ 
+Do not assume launch ACOS remains constant.
+ 
+## Account Suspension
+ 
+Amazon sellers must comply with:
+ 
+- Performance requirements
+- Product policies
+- Listing rules
+- Intellectual-property rules
+ 
+Account or listing restrictions can interrupt revenue.
+ 
+Do not build the business around policy violations.
+ 
+## Intellectual Property
+ 
+Avoid:
+ 
+- Counterfeit goods
+- Unauthorized branded products
+- Trademark misuse
+- Copyright infringement
+- Patent infringement
+ 
+A product being manufactured by a supplier does not guarantee the seller has legal rights to sell it.
+ 
+## Supplier Risk
+ 
+Suppliers can create:
+ 
+- Delays
+- Quality problems
+- Price increases
+- Packaging errors
+ 
+Do not depend on supplier promises without verification.
+ 
+## Freight Volatility
+ 
+International freight and tariffs can change.
+ 
+A product profitable at one freight rate may become unattractive later.
+ 
+Recalculate landed cost before major orders.
+ 
+## Stockouts
+ 
+Running out of inventory can interrupt sales and create expensive emergency shipping.
+ 
+Plan reorders using lead time.
+ 
+## Overstock
+ 
+Ordering too much inventory ties up cash and creates storage costs.
+ 
+A lower factory unit price is not automatically better if it requires excessive inventory.
+ 
+## Returns
+ 
+High-return products may generate large gross sales while producing weak profit.
+ 
+Monitor return reasons.
+ 
+## Revenue Screenshots Are Misleading
+ 
+Amazon businesses are often marketed using gross revenue.
+ 
+A $1 million annual-revenue seller can have very different economics depending on:
+ 
+- COGS
+- Ads
+- Amazon fees
+- Employees
+- Freight
+ 
+Always evaluate profit.
+ 
+# Frequently Asked Questions
+ 
+## What is Amazon FBA?
+ 
+Amazon FBA is a service where sellers send inventory to Amazon's fulfillment network and Amazon stores, picks, packs, ships, handles customer service, and processes returns for FBA orders.
+ 
+## Is FBA the same as selling on Amazon?
+ 
+No.
+ 
+FBA is a fulfillment method.
+ 
+A seller can also fulfill orders directly using FBM.
+ 
+## How much does Amazon FBA cost?
+ 
+FBA has several costs.
+ 
+Common charges include:
+ 
+- Selling plan
+- Referral fee
+- Per-unit FBA fulfillment
+- Storage
+- Inbound transportation
+- Inbound placement
+- Advertising
+ 
+The exact cost depends on the product.
+ 
+## How much is the Amazon Professional plan?
+ 
+The current U.S. Professional selling plan costs $39.99/month plus applicable selling fees.
+ 
+## How much does Amazon take from a sale?
+ 
+There is no single percentage.
+ 
+Most referral fees are approximately 8–15%, and FBA sellers also pay fulfillment and storage fees.
+ 
+Other costs may apply.
+ 
+## How much does FBA fulfillment cost?
+ 
+The current published non-apparel schedule starts around $3.06 for very light small-standard products.
+ 
+Larger and heavier items cost more.
+ 
+## How much money do I need to start Amazon FBA?
+ 
+There is no universal minimum.
+ 
+A small private-label launch may realistically require approximately $2,500–$7,000+ once samples, inventory, freight, packaging, advertising, and the seller account are included.
+ 
+Arbitrage models can start with significantly less.
+ 
+## Can I start FBA with $500?
+ 
+It may be possible for a small retail- or online-arbitrage experiment.
+ 
+$500 is generally restrictive for a custom private-label launch because manufacturing, freight, and advertising require additional capital.
+ 
+## Do I need a warehouse?
+ 
+No.
+ 
+Amazon can store FBA inventory.
+ 
+However, some sellers use their own warehouse, prep center, or third-party logistics provider before sending inventory to FBA.
+ 
+## Does Amazon handle shipping?
+ 
+Yes for FBA customer orders.
+ 
+The seller still needs to arrange inventory shipment into Amazon's network.
+ 
+## Does Amazon handle returns?
+ 
+Amazon handles customer-service and return processing for FBA orders.
+ 
+The financial impact of returns still belongs to the seller's product economics.
+ 
+## Is Amazon FBA passive income?
+ 
+Generally no.
+ 
+Amazon automates fulfillment, but sellers still manage:
+ 
+- Inventory
+- Suppliers
+- Advertising
+- Pricing
+- Listings
+- Cash flow
+- Account health
+ 
+## What is the best FBA product?
+ 
+There is no universal best product.
+ 
+A good opportunity depends on:
+ 
+- Demand
+- Competition
+- Margin
+- Size
+- Weight
+- Differentiation
+- Advertising cost
+- Supply chain
+ 
+## Should I source from China?
+ 
+China remains a major manufacturing source, but it is not the only option.
+ 
+Compare suppliers based on:
+ 
+- Total landed cost
+- Quality
+- Lead time
+- Tariffs
+- MOQ
+ 
+not just factory price.
+ 
+## What is a good profit margin?
+ 
+There is no universal required margin.
+ 
+Jungle Scout's broader Amazon seller research found that 57% of surveyed SMB sellers reported margins above 10% and 28% above 20%.
+ 
+Those statistics cover different Amazon business models and should not be treated as expected FBA results.
+ 
+## How long does it take to become profitable?
+ 
+There is no reliable universal timeframe.
+ 
+Jungle Scout's 2024 Amazon seller survey found that 58% of surveyed Amazon businesses reported becoming profitable within one year, while 22% reported they were not profitable at the time of the survey.
+ 
+This includes multiple Amazon selling models, not only FBA.
+ 
+## Should I use the Amazon Revenue Calculator?
+ 
+Yes.
+ 
+It is one of the most useful free tools for estimating product-level Amazon and fulfillment fees before buying inventory.
+ 
+It should still be combined with your own landed-cost and advertising assumptions.
−**Inventory risk.** Unlike businesses that sell digital products, FBA sellers can have significant capital tied up in physical inventory. Products that sell slowly continue generating storage costs and can eventually incur aged-inventory charges.
  
+## What is the biggest Amazon FBA risk?
−**Margins can be fee-sensitive.** Referral fees, fulfillment, storage, inbound shipping, advertising, returns, and product costs all come out of the same selling price. A product with healthy gross margin before Amazon expenses can have much lower net profitability after them.
  
+For many new sellers, the combination of:
−**Size and weight matter.** FBA fulfillment pricing is directly affected by packaged dimensions and weight. Small changes in packaging or product design can therefore change per-unit economics.
  
+- Unsold inventory
+- Poor product economics
+- Advertising costs
+- Cash-flow pressure
−**Advertising costs can pressure profitability.** Jungle Scout's 2025 survey of Amazon sellers and businesses found growing advertising expenses were a concern for 32% of respondents, alongside higher shipping and product costs.
  
+is more dangerous than the technical process of creating the Amazon account.
−**Unsold inventory becomes progressively more expensive.** Standard-size storage rates are substantially higher from October through December, and inventory stored longer than 181 days can face additional charges.
  
 # Sources
  
+- [Amazon — Selling on Amazon Pricing](https://sell.amazon.com/pricing) — Current Individual and Professional selling plan pricing, referral fee structure, Revenue Calculator, and Amazon selling costs.
+- [Amazon — Fulfillment by Amazon](https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon) — Current FBA fulfillment fee tables, storage fees, product size tiers, and FBA service details.
+- [Amazon — 2026 Updates to US Referral and FBA Fees](https://sellercentral.amazon.com/seller-forums/discussions/t/f3fa3211-820b-4e2e-a023-158a9cf55f99) — Official Amazon announcement covering the 2026 average $0.08 per-unit FBA fee increase and January 15, 2026 effective date.
+- [Amazon — Estimate Fees and Costs](https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate) — Official Amazon tools for estimating referral fees, FBA costs, revenue, and fulfillment economics.
+- [Amazon — How to Sell on Amazon in 2026](https://sell.amazon.com/blog/ask/how-to-sell-on-amazon-in-2026) — Current Amazon seller setup process, selling plans, referral fees, fulfillment choices, and account configuration.
+- [Amazon — How to Sell Online in 2026](https://sell.amazon.com/sell-online) — Current guidance covering product restrictions, selling plans, fulfillment costs, inventory fees, and international selling considerations.
+- [Amazon — Product Listings](https://sell.amazon.com/blog/amazon-product-listings) — Current guidance covering product listing creation, variations, A+ Content, keyword insights, and seller-plan requirements.
+- [Amazon — Seller FAQ](https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq) — Current Amazon seller pricing, payout information, fulfillment information, and 2025 independent seller sales statistics.
+- [Amazon Seller Central — Inbound Placement Fee Explanation](https://sellercentral.amazon.com/seller-forums/discussions/t/f9677779-2a5f-42f6-8ffa-252f902e556d) — Official Amazon explanation of minimal, partial, and Amazon-optimized inbound shipment splits and placement fees.
+- [Amazon Seller Central — 2026 Inbound Placement Fee Update](https://sellercentral.amazon.com/seller-forums/discussions/t/206228ac-b5c2-42ab-a9c7-21a8348bee81) — Official Amazon response confirming an approximately $0.05 per-unit increase in inbound placement fees effective January 15, 2026.
+- [Jungle Scout — State of the Amazon Seller 2025](https://www.junglescout.com/resources/reports/amazon-seller-report-2025/) — Survey of nearly 1,500 Amazon sellers, brands, and ecommerce businesses covering costs, competition, sourcing, and current seller challenges.
+- [Jungle Scout — State of the Amazon Seller 2024](https://www.junglescout.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/The-State-of-the-Amazon-Seller-2024-Jungle-Scout.pdf) — Survey data covering startup investment and time to profitability across Amazon sellers, brands, and businesses.
+- [Jungle Scout — How Much Money Do Amazon Sellers Make?](https://www.junglescout.com/resources/articles/how-much-do-amazon-sellers-make/) — Published SMB seller profit-margin data including the share reporting margins above 10% and 20%.
−- Amazon — Selling plans and standard selling fees: [https://sell.amazon.com/pricing](https://sell.amazon.com/pricing)
−- Amazon — Fulfillment by Amazon: [https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon](https://sell.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon)
−- Amazon — FBA fees guide, July 24, 2026: [https://sell.amazon.com/blog/fba-fees-guide](https://sell.amazon.com/blog/fba-fees-guide)
−- Amazon — Fee and revenue estimation tools: [https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate](https://sell.amazon.com/pricing/estimate)
−- Amazon — Amazon selling FAQ: [https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq](https://sell.amazon.com/learn/faq)
−- Jungle Scout — How Much Money Do Amazon Sellers Make? 2024 seller survey: [https://www.junglescout.com/resources/articles/how-much-do-amazon-sellers-make/](https://www.junglescout.com/resources/articles/how-much-do-amazon-sellers-make/)
−- Jungle Scout — State of the Amazon Seller 2025: [https://www.junglescout.com/resources/reports/amazon-seller-report-2025/](https://www.junglescout.com/resources/reports/amazon-seller-report-2025/)