Revision 5
Website

@namkyu · Sep 2, 2026, 4:32 AM
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 | ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------: | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
 | Code editor       | [Visual Studio Code](/wiki/visual-studio-code) or equivalent                                   | Free                   | Essential   | For custom development                           |
+| Source control    | Git + [GitHub](/wiki/github) free account                                                      | Free                   | Recommended | Version control and deployment workflow          |
+| Framework         | Next.js, other open-source framework, or static HTML                                           | Free                   | Optional    | Depends on site type                             |
+| Database          | PostgreSQL, [Supabase](/wiki/supabase), or another database                                    | Free entry possible    | Optional    | Dynamic sites only                               |
−| Source control    | [Git](/wiki/git) + [GitHub](/wiki/github) free account                                         | Free                   | Recommended | Version control and deployment workflow          |
−| Framework         | [Next.js](/wiki/nextjs), other open-source framework, or static HTML                           | Free                   | Optional    | Depends on site type                             |
−| Database          | [PostgreSQL](/wiki/postgresql), [Supabase](/wiki/supabase), or another database                | Free entry possible    | Optional    | Dynamic sites only                               |
 | Hosting           | Free-tier host or existing hardware                                                            | $0 additional possible | Essential   | Limits depend on provider                        |
 | DNS/CDN           | [Cloudflare](/wiki/cloudflare) Free                                                            | Free                   | Recommended | DNS, CDN, DDoS protection and SSL                |
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 | Analytics         | [Google Analytics](/wiki/google-analytics)                                                     | Free                   | Recommended | Visitor and acquisition measurement              |
 | Search monitoring | [Google Search Console](/wiki/google-search-console)                                           | Free                   | Recommended | Google crawling, indexing and search performance |
+| Authentication    | Google Sign-In or application-managed accounts                                                 | Free entry possible    | Optional    | Needed only for user accounts                    |
−| Authentication    | [Google Sign-In](/wiki/google-sign-in) or application-managed accounts                         | Free entry possible    | Optional    | Needed only for user accounts                    |
  
  
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 ## Managed hosting
  
+Platforms such as Vercel, Cloudflare Pages, and Netlify reduce infrastructure work by handling deployment, HTTPS, and parts of the networking stack.
−Platforms such as [Vercel](/wiki/vercel), [Cloudflare Pages](/wiki/cloudflare-pages), and [Netlify](/wiki/netlify) reduce infrastructure work by handling deployment, HTTPS, and parts of the networking stack.
  
 This is useful for developers who want to deploy directly from a Git repository without maintaining a Linux server.
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 ## VPS
  
+A VPS gives the operator substantially more control.
−A [VPS](/wiki/vps) gives the operator substantially more control.
  
 A typical custom stack can include:
  
 - Linux;
+- Doker;
−- [Docker](/wiki/docker);
 - a web application;
+- PostgreSQL;
+- a reverse proxy such as Caddy or Nginx.
−- [PostgreSQL](/wiki/postgresql);
−- a reverse proxy such as [Caddy](/wiki/caddy) or [Nginx](/wiki/nginx).
  
 The operator becomes responsible for updates, firewall configuration, database backups, storage, monitoring, and recovery.
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 They are complementary rather than substitutes.
  
+Other analytics products such as [Plausible Analytics](/wiki/plausible-analytics), [Matomo](/wiki/matomo), and Cloudflare Web Analytics can be relevant when privacy, data ownership, or lighter client-side scripts are priorities.
−Other analytics products such as [Plausible Analytics](/wiki/plausible-analytics), [Matomo](/wiki/matomo), and [Cloudflare Web Analytics](/wiki/cloudflare-web-analytics) can be relevant when privacy, data ownership, or lighter client-side scripts are priorities.
  
 # Google Analytics
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 A website that requires user accounts does not necessarily need to maintain its own password system.
  
+Google Sign-In, based on Google Identity Services, lets users authenticate with an existing Google Account.
−[Google Sign-In](/wiki/google-sign-in), based on Google Identity Services, lets users authenticate with an existing Google Account.
  
 Google's current web setup requires an OAuth 2.0 client ID. The developer creates or selects a project in Google Cloud Console, configures OAuth branding/settings, and loads the Google Identity Services client library.
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 Authentication should also be distinguished from authorization to Google APIs. Google Identity Services separates signing a user into a website from requesting permission to access additional Google data.
  
+Other representative authentication services include Auth0, Clerk, Supabase Auth, and Firebase Authentication.
−Other representative authentication services include [Auth0](/wiki/auth0), [Clerk](/wiki/clerk), [Supabase Auth](/wiki/supabase-auth), and [Firebase Authentication](/wiki/firebase-authentication).
  
 # Google Cloud Is Not the Same as Google Login
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 | Layer               | Example                                                            |
 | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| Application         | Next.js                                                            |
+| Database            | PostgreSQL                                                         |
+| Containers          | Docker                                                             |
+| Reverse proxy       | Caddy                                                              |
−| Application         | [Next.js](/wiki/nextjs)                                            |
−| Database            | [PostgreSQL](/wiki/postgresql)                                     |
−| Containers          | [Docker](/wiki/docker)                                             |
−| Reverse proxy       | [Caddy](/wiki/caddy)                                               |
 | DNS/CDN             | [Cloudflare](/wiki/cloudflare)                                     |
 | HTTPS               | Caddy and/or Cloudflare                                            |
+| Authentication      | Google Sign-In                                                     |
−| Authentication      | [Google Sign-In](/wiki/google-sign-in)                             |
 | Traffic measurement | [Google Analytics](/wiki/google-analytics)                         |
 | Search monitoring   | [Google Search Console](/wiki/google-search-console)               |
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 These components are often absent from a local prototype but become more important once users depend on the site.
  
+Representative error-monitoring options include Sentry, application logs, hosting-provider monitoring, and cloud observability services.
−Representative error-monitoring options include [Sentry](/wiki/sentry), application logs, hosting-provider monitoring, and cloud observability services.
  
 Websites that send account verification, password recovery, login links, receipts, or notifications can use services such as [Resend](/wiki/resend), [Amazon SES](/wiki/amazon-ses), [SendGrid](/wiki/sendgrid), or [Postmark](/wiki/postmark) rather than operating their own mail server.
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